BrianaBeverly

**The Human Shield: Our Body**



The human body is made up of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. The average height of an adult human is about 5 to 6 feet tall. The human body is made to stand straight, walk on two feet, arms to carry and lift, and has thumbs to grasp. The adult body is made up of 100 trillion cells, 206 bones, 600 muscles, and 22 internal organs. There are many systems in the human body: the circulatory system (heart, blood, vessels), the respiratory system (nose, trachea, lungs), the immune system (many types of protein, cells, organs, tissues), the skeletal system (bones), the excretory system (lungs, large intestine, kidneys), the urinary system (bladder, kidneys), the muscular system (muscles), the endocrine system (glands), the digestive system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines), the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves), and the reproductive system (male and female reproductive organs). The human brain weighs about 3 pounds. More people have brown eyes than any other color. The most sensitive finger on the human hand is the index finger.

A Healthy Human :)



A healthy body all relies on the person. There is 5 main ways to keep your body in good shape: aerobic exercise, stretching, balancing, strength building, and deep breathing. Walking is a good exercise, which follows under aerobic. You're also supposed to get enough sleep. Being too tired will wear you down and work on your body. Also, eating right will do great support on keeping a healthy body and even a nice looking figure. Eating plenty of protein, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will help you think clearer, perform better, and study better. Digestive

The Digestive System is made up of: the appendix, large intestine, epiglottis, gallbladder, liver, mouth, spleen, trachea, rectum, omentum, small intestine, salivary glands, stomach and the tooth. The digestive system is important because it breaks down our food into nourishments. When we drink and eat food they are not in the form our bodies need. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. When you eat saliva breaks down the chemicals in the food. This helps make the food easy to swallow. Your tongue helps push the food around while you chew. When you swallow the tongue pushes mushed-up food called bolus to the back of your throat and into your esophagus. The esophagus moves food from your throat to your stomach. Then the epiglottis flips down making sure your food enters your esophagus and not your windpipe. The stomach has three major jobs: store food you ate, break down food into a liquidly mixture, and empty the liquidly mixture into your small intestines. The small intestine breaks down the food mixture even more so your body can absorb all the vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Then the nutrient-rich blood goes to the liver for processing. The liver filters out harmful substances or wastes. The extra stuff our bodies don't need goes through our colons. Finally, the large intestine pushes the waste into our rectum, this is the last stop on the digestive tract. A few diseases of the Digestive System are: diarrhea, crohn's disease, hemorrhoids, and indigestion. Respiratory   The Respiratory System is made up of: lungs, diaphragm, trachea, and bronchi, nose, pharynx, and larynx. The main function of the Respiratory System is to supply the blood with oxygen so the blood can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The Respiratory System does this through breathing. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases is the Respiratory System's way of getting oxygen to the blood. The lungs are spongy structure where the exchange of gases takes place. Your lungs and linked blood vessels deliver oxygen to your body and remove carbon dioxide from your body. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below your lungs. It separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is the main muscle used for breathing. Air enters through the nose and the mouth. It warms the air that is traveling to your lungs. Then these two openings meet at the pharynx (throat) at the back of the nose and mouth. The pharynx is part of the digestive system as well as the respiratory system because it carries both food and air. The trachea divides into left and right air tubes called bronchi. The bronchi connects to the lungs. Diseases and common problems of the Respiratory System are: asthma, bronchiolitis, common cold, lung cancer, and pneumonia. Circulatory  The Circulatory System is made up of vessels and muscles that help and control the flow of blood around the body. The main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.Arteries are elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart. When the arteries move away from the heart they divide into smaller vessels. the largest arteries are thick and the smallest are thin. The thin arteries are called arterioles. Arteries carry bright red blood. The color comes from the oxygen it carries. When the blood leaves the body it leaves the heart from the left ventricle and enters into the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. Oxygen rich blood travels throughout the body. Traveling back to the heart the blood travel through veins. As it reaches the lungs carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and is replaced with the oxygen rich blood already inhaled. Veins carry blood to the heart. The smallest veins are called venules. Veins carry darker blood that don't have much oxygen. Common diseases in the Circulatory System are: high blood pressure, peripheral vascular disease, and aneurysm. Nervous   The Nervous System has many different parts. But its divided into two main parts: central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The spinal cord and brain make up the central nervous system. Its main priority is to get information from the body and sends out instructions. The peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves. It sends messages from the brain to the rest of the body. The brain keeps the body in order. It helps to control all of the body systems and organs. The brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. The spinal cord runs down a tunnel of holes in the backbone or spine. The spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerves that connect the brain to the rest of the body. Our fives senses (touch, smell, taste, see, hear) is apart of the central nervous system. Diseases involved with the nervous system are: alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, aphasia, weber syndrome, and wilson disease. broca <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 87px; line-height: 19px;">Muscular <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 87px; line-height: 19px;">  **<span style="color: #209292; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">There is about 650 muscles in the human body. There is three kinds of muscle: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscles are involuntary and found in the heart. They are controlled by the lower section of the brain called the medulla oblongata which controls involuntary action throughout the body. The smooth muscles are involuntary. They make up the internal organs like the stomach, throat, small intestine, and the others except the heart. Smooth muscles are generally spherical and each one contains one nucleus. The skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscles of the body. They make up the muscular system. They are all the muscles that move the bones and show external movement. Common diseases of the muscular system are: muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, compartment syndrome, and rhabdomylosis. ** <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 87px; line-height: normal;">**Skeletal**  <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">The Skeletal System is all of the bones and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect them in the human body. The main job of the skeleton is to provide support for our body. The skeleton helps protect our internal organs and fragile body tissues like the brain, eyes, heart, lungs and spinal cord. The skull protects the brain and eyes, the ribs protect our heart and lungs and the vertebrae protects our spinal cord. We have about 206 bones inside our body. Bones provide the structure for muscles to attach so our bodies can be able to move. Tendons are tough inelastic bands that attach the muscles to the bone. Common diseases are: leukemia, sprains, arthritis, bone cancer, osteoporosis, and scoliosis. Other Body Systems <span style="color: #008080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px;">Other systems in our body include: endocrine, immune, lymphatic, reproductive, and urinary systems. The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce the body's hormones. Hormones are chemicals that control body functions like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The immune system is defends our body from infections and diseases. The reproductive system allows humans to produce children. The lymphatic system is another defense system too. The urinary system removes waste from the body, which is urine. Kidneys remove waste from the blood. Works Cited <span style="font: 12px/19px 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0px;">http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/cir1.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm http://teachers.saschina.org/kpoulin/files/2010/03/muscular-system.jpg http://www.buzzle.com/articles/skeletal-system-diseases.html <span style="color: #444444; font: 12px/19px 'Times New Roman'; margin: 0px;">http://www.usd376.com/gs/staff/briard/kids%20web%20page/pictures/frontleft.jpg http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifestyle/the-secret-to-a-healthy-body.html http://pbskids.org/itsmylife/school/teststress/article7.html http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_iy-aG0rVpVo/S-gyk3cvzkI/AAAAAAAAAII/76S6xee9MUM/s400/healthy+body.jpg http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html