MarsSla+Test

Human Body! by Marshe' Slaughter //**General Information**// There are many different things in the Human Body, it has different systems that help it function, etc. Such as ligaments, tissue, tendons, Digestive, Respiratory,Circulatory, Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal. The human body must be cared for on a daily bases for it to continue to function normally. The owner must cleanse it daily, give it nutrients, which are in foods and some drinks.Also if they can take great care of it they'll avoid numerous disease and infections ** (i.e ). ** It will also help some live longer too. But there are some things that can't be prevented no matter how healthy the body is.

//**How to Keep it Healthy?**// There are many ways to keep your body healthy. You have to start off young because as you get older it might be a little to late. With a healthy body you can prevent cancer, heart disease, strokes, and diabetes, it could even help stop depression. One way to stay healthy is exercise, this helps the mind because it produces a chemical called endorphine that makes you feel more happy and peaceful (i.e helps reduce stress levels). It also helps maintain weight, which could help stop some disease such as diabetes 1 & 2 and high blood pressure. Another way to stay healthy is by eating food, they should enriched with nutrients such as Vitamin A, B, & C, Protein, Iron, Fiber, Carbohydrates, etc. Not every food has all the nutrients so thats why you should eat a variety. One way to keep track of this to by a chart called the Food Pyramid, which shows the food you need and how many servings you should have a day.

Another way to keep the body healthy is good hygiene. The basic idea is to clean the body daily, take a bath, shower or wash up to scrub off dirt & lotion to clean and open pores, excess things that could cause infections. Wash your hands after and before eating, after coughing or sneezing to prevent the spread of germs. Brushing your teeth can prevent the build up of bacteria/plaque that could cause cavities. There are other things that can cause pain, lose of teeth or a nasty odor and gum diseases.

Systems **The Digestive system** turns the food you eat into the energy you need through out the day. The structure of the digestive systems starts with the mouth, then esophagus and so on to the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, colon (large intestine), rectum and ending with the anus. The mouth breaks the food down to small pieces to make it more easy to digest, the saliva helps break it down to a form for the body to use and absorb. Then it moves to the esophagus, the throat, where peristalsis (i.e muscular contractions) delivers food to the stomach. While in the stomach the food is mixed with enzymes that continue to break down food. Cells in the lining secrete acid that is strong and enzymes that are powerful enough to break down food, then they it is moved to the small intestine. The small intestine is a 22 foot long muscular tube that has three separate parts. These breaks down food as well, only those enzymes are from the pancreas and the bile from the liver. Once nutrients are absorbed leftover food moves to the colon.

The pancreas plays a part in the small intestine, where its enzymes break down protein, fats and carbohydrates. It also produce insulin into the bloodstream, thins hormone metabolizes sugar. The liver plays a part in the small intestines too, but it has many functions, but the main one is it processes the nutrients absorbed in small intestine. The liver makes chemicals the body needs from raw material and detoxifies harmful chemicals. Next it heads to the colon which is another muscular tube, but it collects the small intestine to the rectum. It has 5 different sections that connect to the rectum. It is responsible for making emptying the bowels easy by processing waste. The Rectum receives the waste and holds it until the person can release it. The Anus creates space between the rectum and that stops waste from coming out unannounced.


 * The Respiratory System** has six main parts. The upper respiratory tract has nasal passage, pharynx, larynx,and he lower tract has the trachea, bronchi and lungs. The nasal passage is responsible for the air that is from the nose. This process involves warming and cooling thats received by the nose, removing dust particles and moisturizing. Then it goes to the Pharynx, which is above the larynx and behind the nasal cavity, this is where air passes through.

The larynx has to pair of membranes, the vocal cords vibrate because of air which creates sounds. It protects the trachea, which is an airway that respiratory air travels. It is divided into two main Bronchi. These go into the lungs in a tree-like way as tubes, the tubes divide constantly and get thinner. Then there's the lungs that main purpose is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood stream and releasing carbon dioxide from blood to the atmosphere.


 * The Nervous System** is divide into to sections, peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. The Peripheral nervous system has two major parts. The autonomic nervous system that have nerve fibers has three different parts, but it controls glands and smooth muscle (internal organs), and somatic nervous system that have nerve fibers that send sensory info. to the central nervous system.

The Central Nervous system is separated into two. The Spinal Cord has 31 pairs of spinal cord nerves, they are different nerves combine and each has sensory and motor axons. It sends motor info. to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle from the brain. Also sends sensory info. to the brain from the Peripheral nervous system (both parts). While the brain receives sensory input from the spinal cord, and most of the time it processes these input to initiate appropriately.

Its deals with the heart too, one side of the heart (left) pumps blood with oxygen in it through the body, which is larger because it has to pump through the entire body. While the right side pumps blood with carbon dioxide out of the body. The heart is made up of chambers, valves and vessels. Chambers are hollow compartments that can fill with blood, Valves control blood flow through the heart and prevent back flow. And vessels (i.e. veins and arteries) is a passageway for blood.
 * The Circulatory system** has blood that purpose is to transport nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide and to protect from foreign invaders and clot the blood. There are three different tpes of blood; Red, White and Platelet. The Red blood cells out numbers other blood cels because it is constantly making new ones. A red blood cell disease is anemia which is having low oxygen carrying capacity. White blood cells protect body from bacteria & viruses. Its two ways of killing bacteria is neutrophils, when they move into capillary walls to fight infections and phagocytosis when they chase bacteria the eat it. Platelets become sticky from a platelet plug the clotting factor occurs, fibrin form to hold it all together, this is to stop from bleeding because of a cut or etc.


 * The Muscular System** has for main functions; excitability which is the ability to respond to stimuli, extensibility or to be able stretch a muscle without tearing, contractibility or contractable and elasticity or to return to its normal shape. Contraction lets the body perform motion (walking, running), heat production (maintain normal body temp.) and maintain posture (standing, sitting, etc.


 * The Skeletal System** or skeleton has many functions, such as; support, protection, storage of minerals, production of blood cells, assisting in movement and storage of chemical energy. It supports softer tissues and has points of attachment for most skeletal muscles. Protects the internal organs of the body, it reduces the risk of injury. Bone tissue stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, it also balances the minerals in the body.

Skeletal muscles they are attached to bones, by contracting it causes bones to move (i.e. assistant in movement). Red bone marrow from larger bones is where red blood cells come from. It stores chemical energy from yellow bone marrow. Which comes from aging because some red bone marrow changes.

Work Sited ~http://www.buzzle.com/articles/structure-of-the-human-respiratory-system.html ~http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html

~http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CNS.html

~http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Circulation.html

~http://www.brianmac.co.uk/physiolm.htm

~http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Skeletal/Skeletal_System.php